How is energy related to the change of state represented by the model?

How is energy related to the change of state represented by the model?

A.Atoms gain energy as a gas changes to a solid.

B.Atoms gain energy as a gas changes to a liquid.

C.Atoms lose energy as a gas changes to a solid.

D.Atoms lose energy as a gas changes to a liquid.

Answer: D.Atoms lose energy as a gas changes to a liquid.

Condensation is the process in which a particular gas turns into a liquid, and in this process, the atoms or molecules of the substance divorce energy. These make the energy loss essential in establishing the change of state from gas to liquid. In a gaseous state, particles are in a state of high energy where atoms or molecules: are in constant, random motion, and have negligible inter-particle forces. When energy is used up, these particles move at a slower pace and start vining with the surrounding particles in a very feeble manner strictly speaking.

For instance, one can think about the case when water vapour turns into liquid water. For the water vapor to condense it has to lose kinetic energy and this is acquired through cooling. This energy loss creates intermolecular forces for example in the case of water the hydrogen bonds become more dominant, hence pulling the molecules closer together. Thus, one obtains the transformation between the dispersed, high-energy state of a gas to a more condensed, low-energy state of a liquid phase.

Natural gas is often concentrated in the form of methane and turning it into a liquid so that it can be stored or transported is another example. They cool the gas down lose some of its energy and become a liquid which takes much less volume as it is easy to store and transport in large quantities.

This principle is generally valid for other substances as well. Be it the process of condensation where water vapour in the atmosphere forms clouds or industrial use where gases are liquefied for use, the change is characterized by a loss of energy by the atoms/molecules in the process of conversion from the gaseous to the liquid state.