Which of the following is a negative consequence associated with photovoltaic cells?

Which of the following is a negative consequence associated with photovoltaic cells?

(A) Photovoltaic cells increase the reliance on transport of fuels long distances from energy sources to homeowners.

(B) Smog and ground-level ozone can be created from pollutants released from photovoltaic solar cells during electricity generation.

(C) The manufacture of photovoltaic solar cells involves toxic metals that can be released into the environment.

(D) The installation of photovoltaic solar cells on houses and other buildings can result in the release of chemicals that destroy stratospheric ozone.

Answer: (C) The manufacture of photovoltaic solar cells involves toxic metals that can be released into the environment.

As for any virtue of photovoltaic (PV) cells, it is worth noting that this type of energy is by no means innocent as far as the environment is concerned, as the production of these cells entails certain negative effects. PV cell production entails the utilization of several hazardous materials and chemicals that if not well dealt with can be disastrous to the environment.

These dangerous chemicals in the manufacture of PV cells include cadmium compounds, lead, gallium arsenide, amongst other heavy metals. For instance, the compound cadmium telluride (CdTe) is incorporated in specific categories of thin film solar modules. Cadmium is a cancer-causing substance and poses a risk to human life and the environment on its release. Likewise, the manufacture of PV cells like the crystalline silicon cells, the most popular type of PV cells, uses silane gas which is highly inflammable and explosive.

The threat of harming the environment is due to possible leaks or unsuitable removal of these materials in the production line. Failure to manage them appropriately can lead to hazards such as pollution of the earth’s soil and water resulting in negative impacts on the environment and life. Also, during the end-use of PV panels, inadequate management tends to result in the discharge of these toxic materials into the environment.

Pointing out, it is vital to understand that the solar industry knows about these problems and is searching for ways to enhance manufacturing methods and create recycling solutions for PV panels. The management and disposal of the material are restricted by many rules set in various countries all over the world. This negative consequence is present but relatively small and must be countered through specific preventive measures, and, because of the relatively lower risks of solar power for most uses, their sizes make solar power very environmentally favourable for many purposes.